Answer :
The genes for the traits that Mendel worked with are either all located on different chromosomes or behave as if they were. This helps Mendel recognize the principle of independent assortment as otherwise, his dihybrid crosses would not produce a 9 : 3 : 3: 1 ratio of F2 phenotypes in a generation.
Mendel discovered the principle of independent assortment after performing a specific dihybrid cross as it is between plants that had any two traits which include seed color and pod color which are different from one another. Whenever these plants were allowed to pollinate themselves by self-pollination, he then noticed that the same ratio that is 9:3:3:1 appeared among the offspring produced also.
The Principle of Independent Assortment determines how different types of genes get independently separate from each another when the development of reproductive cells takes place. The Independent assortment of genes as well as their corresponding traits was actually first observed by Gregor Mendel during his genetics studies in pea plants.
This principle in genetics otherwise depicts as those hereditary units occurring in pairs that are separated during the formation of gametes so that each and every gamete receives some trait but only by one member of a pair. It is also called the law of segregation.
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