limiting reactant will be useful for determining the maximum mass of a precipitate formed in any reaction.
Limiting reactant in any reaction is the one that is consuming first and determines the amount of product formed.
excess reactant is the one present in a greater amount than necessary to react with all the limiting reactant.
For example:-consider a simple reaction here 1 mole of reactant A reacts with 1 mole of reactant B :- A+B—>C
if too much reactant A is added? 1mole of reactant B is completely used up and there will be some of reactant A left over. So,we can say that reactant B is the limiting reagent.
In other words, even more of reactant A is added, no more product is made when B is consumed— therefore reactant B limits how much product is obtained. And, reactant A is called the excess reagent because there is more than enough of reagent A.
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