Answer :
Cells are able to pump ions across their membranes in opposition to a concentration gradient due to an expenditure of energy by the cell; option C.
What is active transport?
Active transport refers to a form of transport that occurs in the cell in which energy is expended in the form of ATP to transport molecules from one point to the other within the cell or outside the cell.
Usually, when energy is expended in the transport of molecules, it is done against the concentration gradient.
When molecules move down their concentration gradient, they move by simple diffusion.
Therefore, cells are able to pump ions across their membranes in opposition to a concentration gradient due to an expenditure of energy by the cell.
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