After listing the numerous powers granted to Congress by the Constitution the author says-

My object is to consider that undefined, unbounded and immense power which is comprised in the following clause: “And to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the United States; or in any department or offices thereof.” Under such a clause as this, can anything be said to be reserved and kept back from Congress? ...

In giving such immense, such unlimited powers, was there no necessity of a Bill of Rights, to secure to the people their liberties? Is it not evident that we are left wholly dependent on the wisdom and virtue of the men who shall from time to time be the members of Congress? And who shall be able to say seven years hence, the members of Congress will be wise and good men, or of the contrary character?

1. What words does the author use to describe the powers in the Constitution?


2. Does the Necessary and Proper Clause quoted in this excerpt comfort or upset the author? Why?


3. Does the author believe a Bill of Rights is necessary? Why?


4. Does the author trust the future members of Congress? Why does this matter?


5. Is this author a Federalist or Anti-Federalist? How can you tell? (Use at least two pieces of the text to help you answer this. The title doesn’t count)