4 ATP equivalents per glucose molecule are required for transforming glucose to pyruvate via glycolysis and back again to glucose via gluconeogenesis.
Glycolysis is the process of breakdown of glucose to gain energy. The end product formed in this process is 2 molecules of pyruvate from one glucose molecule. Glycolysis is also known by the name EMP (Embden-Meyerhoff-Parnas) pathway.
Gluconeogenesis is the reverse process of glycolysis. Glucose s formed back from pyruvate in this process. This process is carried out when body glucose levels are low or for the regulation of acid-base balance and amino acid metabolism.
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