Considering the definition of empirical and molecular formula, the molecular formula is P₇N₇O₁₄.
The empirical formula is the simplest expression to represent a chemical compound, which indicates the elements that are present and the minimum proportion in whole numbers that exist between its atoms, that is, the subscripts of chemical formulas are reduced to the most integers. small as possible.
The molecular formula is the chemical formula that indicates the number and type of different atoms present in the molecule. The molecular formula is the actual number of atoms that make up a molecule.
In other words, the molecular formula is the actual formula of the molecule and is made up of the symbols that represent the chemical elements and the subscripts that indicate the number of atoms of each element that participate in the formation of the molecule.
In this case, you know:
Assuming a 100 grams sample, the percentages match the grams in the sample. So you have 26.7 grams of P, 12.1 grams of N and 61.2 grams of Cl.
Then it is possible to calculate the number of moles of each atom in the molecule, taking into account the corresponding molar mass:
P: [tex]\frac{26.7 g}{31\frac{g}{mol} }[/tex]= 0.86 moles
N: [tex]\frac{12.1 g}{14\frac{g}{mol} }[/tex]= 0.86 moles
O: [tex]\frac{61.2 g}{35.45\frac{g}{mol} }[/tex]= 1.72 moles
The empirical formula must be expressed using whole number relationships, for this the numbers of moles are divided by the smallest result of those obtained. In this case:
P: [tex]\frac{0.86 moles}{0.86 moles }[/tex]= 1
N: [tex]\frac{0.86 moles}{0.86 moles }[/tex]= 1
O: [tex]\frac{1.72 moles}{0.86 mole}[/tex]= 2
Therefore the P: N: O mole ratio is 1: 1: 2
Then, the empirical formula is P₁N₁O₂= PNO₂, with a empirical mass of 31 g/mol + 14 g/mol + 2× 35.45 g/mol= 115.9 g/mol
The molecular formula can be calculated as MF= n(EF)
where:
In this case, the value n can be calculated:
n= 812 g/mol÷ 115.9 g/mol
Solving:
n= 7
Then, the molecular formula can be calculated as MF= 7×EF
Finally, the molecular formula is P₇N₇O₁₄.
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