Sperm cells are formed in plants by mitosis in male gametophytes.
One or two rounds of mitosis will take place inside the anther to produce the male gametophyte. This results in the formation of a male gametophyte with two or three cells, which later dehisces to form the pollen grain. The remaining cell(s) are sperm cells, and one cell is the tube cell. A third of angiosperm species have a three-celled male gametophyte, which has undergone multiple evolutionary steps and allows for quicker fertilization after pollination. The tube cell expands after pollination, and if the male gametophyte has only two cells at this point, the single sperm cell goes through mitosis to produce a second sperm cell.
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