The advantage of using a counting unit (the mole) for amount of substance rather than a mass unit is as moles give us a consistent method to convert between atoms/molecules and grams.
If periodic tables listed atomic mass in grams , then we could do the same calculations just as easily without moles. In practice, we can not measure the number of molecules so we have to measure mass or volume instead and should therefore count them using a unit that is defined in terms of mass unit .
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