The four general factors that contribute to ATP's high phosphoryl-transfer potential are: 1) charge repulsion, 2) resonance stabilization, 3) increase in entropy, and 4) stabilization by hydration.
- Charges that are similar repel each other whereas charges that are dissimilar attract. As a result, two negative charges repel each other, but a positive charge attracts a negative charge. The attraction or repulsion is directed along the line formed by the two charges. The magnitude of the force is proportional to the square of the distance between the two charges.
- Resonance stabilization because resonance allows for delocalization, which lowers a molecule's total energy because its electrons inhabit a larger space, molecules that experience resonance are more stable than those that do not. These compounds are known as resonance stabilised molecules.
- Entropy is the amount of thermal energy per unit temperature in a system that is not accessible for meaningful work.
- Hydration act or process of mixing or treating with water: for example, a: the introduction of more fluid into the body hydration can sometimes aid to lessen the concentration of hazardous chemicals in the tissues.
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