While working as a volunteer at a marathon, Jasmine sees multiple runners suffer heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. What are the differences between these three conditions? What are two precautions these runners could take in the future when exercising in extreme weather conditions to ensure they stay healthy? How can Jasmine BEST explain the relationship between fluid balance, physical activity, and environmental conditions, such as loss of water and salt during exercise, to these athletes so they take better care of themselves before their next race?



Answer :

The difference between heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke can be seen in their definitions which would be explained below.

What is marathon race?

Marathon race is a type of race that takes a very long distance for the runners to complete.

The runners can suffer from the following effects such as

  • Heat cramps: This is the involuntary muscle spasms that occurs during strenuous activities due to increase in temperature of the environment.

  • Heat exhaustion: This is the overheating of the body which leads to heavy sweating and a rapid pulse.

  • Heat stroke: This occurs when the body can no longer control its temperature.

The two precautions that the runners could take in the future when exercising in extreme weather conditions include the following:

  • Get hydrated: It is very important to drink water before and after the exercise to ensure a healthy hydrated state.

  • Check the temperature: In extremes of temperature it's always advised to stay indoors to avoid being harmed.

To better explain the relationship between fluid balance, physical activity, and environmental conditions is that excessive exercise leads to loss of fluid and electrolyte through sweat. Then the amount of sweat lost depends on the environmental conditions.

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